Archive for April, 2008

Humbleness & Expert bias!

Monday, April 28th, 2008

Really funny story from Barry at his BigPicture blog:

http://bigpicture.typepad.com/comments/2003/11/a_funny_thing_h.html

I really like the utterly gracious comment by Prof. Engle

I catch myself being a moron again, and hasten to add: “Not that 5 minutes on Fox compares to a Nobel.”

Again, utter graciousness from the (Prof. Engle) gentleman: “It just shows how people overemphasize perceived expertise.”


Money Biases

Monday, April 28th, 2008

I am reading through the book

“Why Smart People Make Big Money Mistakes And How To Correct Them: Lessons From The New Science Of Behavioral Economics” (Gary Belsky, Thomas Gilovich)

Some Discussions/topics:

Regret Aversion

As John Greenleaf Whittier wrote: “For all the sad words of tongue or pen, the saddest are these: ‘It might have been!’ “

Mark Twain: “20 years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do”

Endowment effect at work

Return policies in stores — “May be you can return it back, and maybe you can’t!”

Statistical Significance

Sunday, April 27th, 2008

One of the better indicators of statistical significance is the so-called ‘interocular trauma test.’

It’s only satisfied when you have results that are so glaringly obvious that they hit you between the eyes.

Or stated another way: Plot the data. If the result hits you between the eyes, then it’s significant.

Recency Bias

Sunday, April 13th, 2008

Excellent article by Dr. Atul Gawande in the New Yorker:

Talks about how recency bias (”The Checklist”) can be used to save lives.

The researchers found that simply having the doctors and nurses in the I.C.U. make their own checklists for what they thought should be done each day improved the consistency of care to the point that, within a few weeks, the average length of patient stay in intensive care dropped by half”.

“The checklists provided two main benefits, Pronovost observed. First, they helped with memory recall (recency bias at work!), especially with mundane matters that are easily overlooked in patients undergoing more drastic events. (When you’re worrying about what treatment to give a woman who won’t stop seizing, it’s hard to remember to make sure that the head of her bed is in the right position.) A second effect was to make explicit the minimum, expected steps in complex processes.” (emphasis mine)

[…]

” But this time he found few takers.

There were various reasons. Some physicians were offended by the suggestion that they needed checklists. Others had legitimate doubts about Pronovost’s evidence. So far, he’d shown only that checklists worked in one hospital, Johns Hopkins, where the I.C.U.s have money, plenty”

[…]

“The fundamental problem with the quality of American medicine is that we’ve failed to view delivery of health care as a science. The tasks of medical science fall into three buckets. One is understanding disease biology. One is finding effective therapies. And one is insuring those therapies are delivered effectively. That third bucket has been almost totally ignored by research funders, government, and academia. It’s viewed as the art of medicine. That’s a mistake, a huge mistake.”

Value Investing Resources

Sunday, April 13th, 2008

My friend, Victor introduced me a book on Value Investing by Seth Klarman.

There was an article in BW on the book about 2 years back:

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_32/b3996085.htm

I quote from the Seth Klarman’s book:

Value Investing is about …

“always buying at a significant discount to underlying business value, and giving preference to tangible assets over intangibles”

“By replacing current holdings as better bargains come along. By selling when the market price of an investment comes to reflect its underlying value and by holding cash, if necessary, until other attractive investments become available.”

Underlying Value = “that’s shorn of intangible assets such as goodwill. “Since investors cannot predict when values will rise or fall valuation should always be performed conservatively, giving considerable weight to worst-case liquidation value as well as to other methods.”

Co-opetition (continued …)

Friday, April 4th, 2008

I had mentioned earlier that I will be commenting about the book Coopetition as I read through it, so here it goes:

  1. If there are barriers to entry and there are a handful of players, they need to learn to cooperate
  2. In situations where your industry is protected by barriers to entry, analyze your situation and your competitors using the ValueNet
  3. Think about the PARTS: Players, Added Value, Rules, Perceptions and Tactics to change the perceptions, Scope of the game
  4. I really liked the chapter on Added Value and Rules (especially the dynamics of MFN, Meet-the-competition)

I think, this book is best read along with the book (as suggested in my ESB class at CBS too!)

“Competition Demystified : A Radically Simplified Approach to Business Strategy” (Bruce Greenwald, Judd Kahn)

Some notes on Strategy

Friday, April 4th, 2008

Largely influenced by Greenwald’s ESB class at CBS.

Competitive Advantages (CA) are really just the barriers to entry (B-to-E).

If there are no CAs then you are better off just focusing on efficiency and cost — and these are not easy to do at all!

Sources of Competitive Advantages:

  1. Demand: Customer Captivity
      • Switching costs (habits, inertia)
      • Network effects
      • Search costs
    • Supply: Economies of Scale (in production, marketing, sales force, advertising, distribution, planning, market research, support, R&D, Learning curve)
    • Supply: Proprietary Technology
    • Misc: Government Regulation

    Note that running efficient operations is not a CA, since first, this can be easily replicated by others and second, CAs are usually outward looking (related to customers, competitors, etc.)

    Myth: Differentiation is a sustainable CA.

    Reality: Differentiation alone does not help in creating a sustainable CA at all. Think of the luxury car market!

    B-to-E are easier to maintain in local markets (product or geography). Large & global markets are very tough to dominate (Death by thousand cuts more likely).

    Myth: Proprietary technology provides sustainable CA

    Reality: Easily copied over time by the competitors. Besides, technology is also a moving target, unlikely to be dominated by the same company.

    Economies of scale in markets of restricted size + Some (even trivial) customer captivity => Sustainable CA.

    Why small local markets:

    1. Economies of scale don’t grow commensurately with size after a certain point — large market size can in fact help a new entrant capture enough of the market to achieve economies of scale.
    2. Many sources of economies of scale (such as Fixed costs) are only advantageous within a restricted region or product space (fixed costs don’t remain fixed as size increases) — diseconomies of scale and coordination kick in!

    Learn to avoid competition with an entrenched local competitor, especially when you have no CA!

    Local market focus and strategies should also improve the chances of cooperation across the market & product boundaries and avoid costly price wars.

    Getting others to Blog

    Wednesday, April 2nd, 2008

    So, today I was able to convince Pawel (a fellow UMBA at CBS) to start blogging his ideas about CPM.

    Check out his “Holy Grail” blog.